Any matter's electric charge is one of its most essential physical features. When removing synthetic clothing or a sweater, you may have noticed a crackling. Or perhaps you've observed how a comb or a plastic ruler attracts bits of paper when you comb or brush your hair.
All of these are instances of electric charges that everyone releases. Another typical example of electric discharge is lightning in the sky during thunderstorms or rain. All of these electric discharges in matter are caused by the release of accumulated charges or, in certain situations, the creation of static electricity.
In this post, we'll learn more about electric charges and fields.
What is an Electric Charge?
The word 'electricity' comes from the Greek word 'Elektron,' which signifies amber. The characteristics of matter are determined by magnetic and electric forces inherent in atoms and molecules.
Scientists conducted studies and discovered that there are two types of electrification: I similar charges repel one other, and ii) unlike charges attract each other.
The attribute of charge polarity also distinguishes these two types of charges in nature.
Conductors and Insulators
When doing an experiment to illustrate electric charges caused by frictional electricity, it was discovered that conductors aid in the flow of electric charges, whereas insulators do not. Metal, the Earth, and the human body are all examples of conductors. Porcelain, nylon, and wood, on the other hand, are all insulators and offer high resistance to the transmission of electricity through them.
What are the properties of Electric charge?
There are three basic qualities of an electric charge:
Quantization- The quantization property states that a body's entire charge is the integral multiple of a fundamental quantum of charge.
The additive property gives the overall charge of a body as the algebraic sum of all the singular charges operating on the system.
The overall charge of a system remains same throughout time, according to the conservation property. In other words, when things are charged owing to friction, a charge transfer from one item to another happens. It is impossible to make or remove charges.
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JEE Main Electrostatics Revision Notes
Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb's law says that the mutual electrostatic force acting between two point charges A and B is proportional to their product of the two. That is AB, and the square of the distance between them is inversely proportional to it (rAB).
It may be stated as follows:
k(AB)AB = Force on B owing to A = FBA
Constant terms occur in this law, which is also known as a proportionality constant and is denoted by the letter 'k.'
k=9109 Nm2C-2 Nm2C2 k=9109 Nm2C-2 Nm2C2
Multiple Charges and Forces
Even if Coulomb's law calculates the electric force between two charges, it cannot compute the force on a charge if there are several charges present.
Superposition Principle
The ability of two charges to repel and attract one other is unaffected by the existence of a third extra charge, according to this theory.
Properties of Electric Fields and Lines
In a charge-free region, Field lines show a continuous curve without having any breakage.
Two-line never cross each other on electric fields.
These electric field lines always begin on the positive charge and end in the negative charge.
No closed loops are formed by electrostatic field lines.
JEE Main Electrostatics Revision Notes - PDF Download
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